Explaining key conflicts that shaped the war — Battle of Bunker Hill (June 17, 1775) Background: Fought near Boston, Massachusetts, this early engagement occurred when American militiamen fortified Breed’s Hill. Though the British ultimately won, they suffered heavy casualties, bolstering American confidence. Casualties: American — approximately 450; British — around 1,054. Battle of Saratoga (September 19 — October 7, 1777)